Do You Need to Use Persuasive Essay Topics For Colleges Students?

<h1>Do You Need to Use Persuasive Essay Topics For College's Students?</h1><p>A part of individuals are applying for school and significantly more need to get into their fantasy school yet don't know which to pick. This article will offer a few techniques to convince universities that an enticing paper subject for schools understudies is needed.</p><p></p><p>Students need to find out about composition. They should have the option to communicate with clearness and effortlessness. Nobody likes papers that contain extensive language and the 'patter' that is utilized by understudies who don't have the foggiest idea what they are doing. To apply this information, you should compose papers that mirror your character and interests.</p><p></p><p>As you make convincing article themes for understudies', you will find that you will feel progressively great in your own skin. You can see this by how it feels when you are going out and connecting with others. On the off chance that you know about what you need from your profession and where you are going, at that point you won't feel anxious and strange in circumstances where you would typically feel uneasy.</p><p></p><p>College's understudies should have the option to comprehend what their folks are training them and how they identify with their friends. These are the thoughts that they learn while in school, and by giving these something to do in your exposition, you can give them that they are the ones showing you life.</p><p></p><p>When composing powerful paper points for undergrads', you should take what you have gained from your school work and apply it to your life. The way that you present your thoughts won't be much the same as what you realized in class, however you should place yourself in your folks shoes and see where they are at. It will have the effect between your article and that of another perso n who simply needs to utilize their degree to get by.</p><p></p><p>Many individuals attempt to reveal to us that school life isn't for everybody, except the vast majority donot understand that they are really attacking their odds for advancing their training on the off chance that they don't fit into that form. On the off chance that you are extremely enthusiastic about the things that you study, and you have your heart set on doing admirably in school, at that point you have to utilize your energy and drive to convince universities that you merit an opportunity. Indicating that you are in truth doing admirably scholastically, will demonstrate to the universities that they are missing something in you that makes you unique.</p><p></p><p>To summarize it, it is dependent upon you to decide how you need to approach living in school life. By understanding what spurs you to seek after advanced education, you will have a more clear thought o f what you can provide for your fantasy college.</p>

College App Essay Intro - Simple Steps For a Successful College App Essay

College App Essay Intro - Simple Steps For a Successful College App EssayCollege App Essay Intro must be answered first as a first step for any student. Though it may sound like a simple procedure, it is a complex procedure at times and this article will tell you what to do first.App essay is not that easy as it seems but it can be as easy as pie. The entire task can be completed within a day. A few of the ways in which you can help yourself with college essays include: deciding your topic, choosing a topic outline, compiling and organizing your topic, choosing proper writing style and important key words, finding your topic and choosing your college essay title. Following are some tips that can be helpful in completing these tasks in time.After deciding on your topic you should start searching for subjects that are related to your main topic. Use subject searches to find the best subjects and begin to look for topics that are about the topic you are writing about. The first step is to decide what topics to write about.When looking for subjects for your essay, always remember to consider the subject that is closely related to your topic. You can use the help of a college textbook and find subject matter that is closely related to your main topic. You can also use a college writing software like Quark and search for the keyword words that are relevant to your topic. Many college writing software will be able to offer you assistance to determine the topic of your essay based on keywords.The next step is to find a topic. You need to come up with a topic outline of your entire essay. Having an outline allows you to come up with the necessary information for your topic. If you want to make the outline as efficient as possible, you should spend some time doing research online, going through college textbooks and maybe reading some articles related to your topic before you can start on writing your topic.Next you need to create your college app essay intro. It is impo rtant that you create a topic and outline because it will make the process easier for you. It is important that you create your topic and outline before starting to write the rest of your essay. Remember that you are writing about a specific subject so make sure that your topic is something that is closely related to your topic.As for the writing style, college app essay has been emphasized by many universities across the nation as a way to relieve students from stressful assignments. An easy writing style should be used. The simplest way to write an essay is to use a proper sentence structure. First, you need to come up with a topic, then the outline, then you need to write the topic by introducing the topic, providing enough information about the topic and concluding with a conclusion.App essay is one of the most common written assignments in colleges today and as such, it is considered the easiest form of writing. App essay is one of the best ways to relieve stress as it does not require too much planning and analysis and can be completed within a day.

Essay Topics For Bank Essay Tests

Essay Topics For Bank Essay TestsPreparing essay topics for the current essay topics for bank exams is a great way to become more well known and succeed in writing a more compelling paper. Essay topics for the bank exams include topics that are typically seen on a typical, typical banking essay topic. Since banks need to be updated on their current position in the banking industry, they need to have knowledgeable people to answer any and all questions from potential customers. The essay topics for bank exams are usually topics that will help prepare the person to take the test or to make it more entertaining.One of the first things to remember when writing essay topics for the bank exams is the format that banks are most familiar with. Most banks use questions that contain a list of reasons that it is the best choice. Some banks use a few paragraphs of a long list of reasons that they chose to provide loans and investments to this company, and others use just a single paragraph that says how their customer feels after their loan was made. This method of writing a short essay is common among most banks. Banks often like to make their customers feel good about their investment choices because they want to be sure that their customer will continue to buy the product from them and make loans to the company in the future.People love lists. This is one of the reasons that banks provide many different essay topics for the bank exams. These essays cover several areas that can be more difficult to write about than one would expect. For example, students are more likely to write about other people's experiences with another person rather than their own. In fact, most individuals are not very good at taking all of the feelings, emotions, and thoughts that they have and making them easily readable. Therefore, writing topics for the bank exams can include people's opinions on businesses and products that are used by others, and this can be a great place to start.There are a couple of other important essay topics for the bank exams. The first is the idea of the current economic climate. Economists know that the world economy is almost always in flux, and students are most likely to experience economic turmoil when they first find themselves working at a new business. Therefore, it is important for people to learn the trends and patterns of the economy before they begin work at a new job. Students may also be more likely to have emotional struggles at this time, which should also be addressed.Finally, students should know that the current economic state of the world has also affected their own careers and future. When times are bad, banks usually make it harder for their customers to get loans or to build business relationships. These decisions are based on the opinion of the bank's current management. So, writing topics for the bank exams must discuss the current events, and how this affects people in the business.Writing essay topics for the current e ssay topics for bank exams will take some thought. However, students should remember that it is necessary to consider what the bank is experiencing, because that is what can affect customers of the company. Most students do not think of their own emotions when they write about what they think their bank is going through. Therefore, these essays are a great way to allow students to have a true voice in the topics of their essay.Writing essay topics for the current essay topics for bank exams can be a great way to prove one's abilities to understand the current economic state of the world. It can also show that a student has been to university before. Any university student knows that studying theory is useless unless the student can demonstrate that they are better than others who study theory.

The Novel V For Vendetta By Alan Moore - 1300 Words

Government control can cause such destruction and oppression that among the masses people will rise up to bring down the unjust system. Since the beginning of time there has been a struggle for control and fighting over how much control the government should have. This novel is the embodiment of this very concept. Conspiracy theories are dramatized within this story. V and Evey are the parallel characters within the plot. They stand out as symbols within the story as innocence and vengeance. In â€Å"V for Vendetta† Alan Moore uses V and Evey as a symbol for rebirth from destruction. The oppression is evident and the destruction is a means to bring down the system that is failing. Anarchy is believed to fix the flawed government rule for a†¦show more content†¦The government has control of everything and does within this novel. They control what you hear, see, touch, taste, smell, where you can go, what time you can go, and anything else that they feel is going to be beneficial for them playing it off as if it better for the people. V is a product of this control. He is a victim from a concentration camp where he was experimented on and isolated from everyone except his guards and his Doctor. V is a symbol for victims to see that you can survive and make a difference. V is left anonymous so that the reader can interpret who V really is. Alan Moore wrote, â€Å"V isn’t Evey’s father, Whistler’s mother, or Charley’s aunt. Beyond that, I’m afraid you’re on your own.† (278) V can be viewed as violence, vengean ce, victim, victorious, veil, and vindication. He is a symbol of all these things and that which the governments hide behind and he is a symbol of victims past, present, and future. V is a victim that becomes the hero that plays both sides of the coin. He is a villain who exposes the evil within the government. We normally don’t think of our heroes as murderers, yet â€Å"V† is the hero who takes matters into his own hands because he sees no other resolution. The government has a tragic flaw that brings about their own demise. When people are controlled in every aspect they start fighting the system to live with more freedoms and liberties. In this story â€Å"V† opens these people’s eyes by bringing down

Barclays Bank PLC Is A Multinational Company free essay sample

Amenities to attract highly skilled and creative persons at all important levels ? Tradition of closeness to key customers and target customers A business can differentiate itself by performing its existing value activities or reconfiguring in some unique ways. And the sustainability of that differentiation will depend on two things: a continuation of its high perceived value to buyers and a lack of imitation by competitors. There are many alternative strategic directions in which Barclaycard could implement in their current strategy of differentiation. These may include technology innovation or product/ service differentiation. Product/service differentiation Product differentiation occurs when, owing to differences in physical attributes, ancillary service, geographic location, information, and/or subjective image, one firms products are clearly preferred by at least some buyers over rival products at a given price (, 1990, ). For firms seeking to make their demand curve less elastic, successful differentiation provides an insulated position against competitors by enabling firms to sell a larger quantity at a given price or by allowing the firm to create brand loyalty in customers resulting in lower sensitivity to price. We will write a custom essay sample on Barclays Bank PLC Is A Multinational Company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This uniqueness may build an entry barrier for competitors to overcome (, 1992; , 1980). However, being unique may require a trade-off with investment if achieving differentiation requires costly effort such as extensive research, product design, high quality materials, or intensive customer support. Thus, the firms employing the differentiation strategy cannot ignore costs and risk (, 1980). Horizontal product differentiation focuses on differences in attribute variety among competing brands. It occurs when one brand contains more of some attributes but less of some other attributes in comparison to another brand (). Consumers different tastes will exploit differing strong and weak points among brands given identical prices (, 1992). The shift towards consumerism is accelerating with significant implications in many of the markets in which we operate. Fundamentally, our view is that consumerism involves a shift in power from institutions towards consumers. The rapid transformation of the credit card industry – first with the severing of the traditional tie between bank accounts and credit cards and second, with the emergence of credit as a true commodity in the credit card industry illustrates this so well. Consumers in the past were grateful if they received credit it was seen as a right granted to a special few by a bank and hence banks held power over individuals. The value proposition was the availability of credit. Technology Innovation In the case of Barclaycard, it is could improve its operations and competitive advantage through real time design data driven tools. This tool would improve their credit limit strategies and increase their interest earning balances. A Fair, Isaac Model Builder for the decision trees may be used as this tool uses historical data to assist in identifying optimal account management strategies. Fair, Isaac Model Builder for Decision Trees is a PC Windows based application designed specifically to support data driven strategy design. It gives lenders the power to rapidly create new strategies in real time using multiple performance dimensions, to process large datasets rapidly so strategies at any point for greater understanding of the portfolio and transfers strategies to and from production application with ease, putting new strategies into production faster. This real time, highly interactive approach dramatically shortens the time between strategy creation and roll out. With Barclaycard objectives of the new strategies to increase interest bearing balances, increase turnover, control bad debt, and address attrition, Fair, Fair Isaac can be a big help for the organization. While the average number of cards in a person’s wallet has increased over the last five years, the value to an individual of having multiple cards will diminish in an environment where credit is a commodity.

Marketing Engineering Ford Hotel Essay Example

Marketing Engineering Ford Hotel Essay Curso: Analisis Cuantitativo y Toma de decisiones: Fecha: 09 Marzo 2013 Integrantes: Monica Calderon Monica Chavez Monica Escobar Julio Jaramillo Sandra Saco Vertiz Case 3: Positioning the Infiniti G20 EXERCISES 1. Using the data in Exhibit 1 and the associated perceptual mapping software, describe the two (or, if applicable, three) dimensions underlying the perceptual maps that you generated. Based on these maps, how do people in this market perceive the Infiniti G20 compared with its competitors? El G20 es visto como un automovil atractivo y exitoso. Muy bien posicionado junto a otras marcas de la gama como BMW y Honda 2. Infiniti promoted the G20 as a Japanese car (basic version $17,500) with a German feel, basically a car that was like the BMW 318i ($20,000), but lower priced. Is this a credible claim, given the perceptions and preferences of the respondents? Los 2 principales competidores del G20 son BMW 318i and the Honda Prelude. Es una dificil tarea promocionar el G20 sobre el BMW 318i en alto prestigio y atractivo; este ultimo punto punto es subjetivo y los gustos del publico pueden cambiar facilmente. El prestigio del auto puede ser promocionado, pero con menor precio del G20 vs BMW, el publico podria percibir que el auto mas caro es el que mas prestigio tiene. De acuerdo a la data y en comparacion con el BMW 318i, el G20 tiene menor precio, elevado ahorro en combustible y larga garantia. Promocionar estos puntos del mercado el G20 tiene un gran valor sobre el BMW 318i es la mejor solucion y puede ser muy bien apreciado por los consumidores. 3. Which attributes are most important in influencing preference for these cars in the three segments (S1, S2 and S3) shown on these maps? We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Engineering Ford Hotel specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Engineering Ford Hotel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Engineering Ford Hotel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To which segment(s) would you market the Infiniti G20? How would you reposition the Infiniti G20 to best suit the chosen segment(s)? Briefly describe the marketing program you would use to target the chosen segment(s). Los mas importantes atributos por segmento son: Segment 1 (S1): Hi Prestige, Quiet, Interesting, and Common. Segment 2 (S2): Roomy, Easy Service, and Sporty. Segment 3 (S3): Unreliable, Poor value and Poorly built. El mercado para Infiniti G20 serian los segments 1 and 2, porque ellos aparecen como el modelo ideal de clientes para Infiniti. Ellos comparten las mismas cualidades y estilo de auto que estamos produciendo. Adicionalmente podriamos reposicionar el G20 como lujoso, deportivo, confortable, logrando satisfacer los requerimientos del consumidor de ambos segmentos. 4. What ongoing research program would you recommend to Infiniti to improve its evaluation of its segmentation of the market and positioning of its G20? Podria recomendar a Infiniti invertir mas tiempo concentrando o mejorando los atributos menos valorados por los consumidores, a la vez que podria encontrar la forma de hacerlos mas economicos e interesantes. Ayudando tanto a mejorar su produccion, costos y a la vez mejorar la percepcion del producto de parte de los clientes. 5. Summarize the advantages and limitations of the software provided for this application. Consideramos una limitante que el programe no brinde una explicacion de los resultados, o una interpretacion de los escenarios. Como ventaja podemos considerar que nos permite visualizar el impacto de cada uno de los atributos en el consumidor, y en base a esa informacion ofrecer mejoras en el producto final. Case 4: Forte Hotel Design EXERCISES 1. Design: Using a blank Excel spreadsheet, follow Step 1 in the Conjoint Tutorial and develop a Study Design Template (MEXL==Conjoint==Create Study Design Template) for Forte, using the attributes and levels from Exhibit 1. Next, follow Step 2 in the Tutorial, Create a data collection instrument, selecting Ratings method and 1 for the number of respondents (you). When you are done, check to be sure that your sheet looks like the Forte Hotel Data (Conjoint, 1 Ratings) data set in My Marketing Engineering. Then, briefly summarize the advantages and limitations of describing products as bundles of attribute options. En este ejercicio creamos los atributos y los diferentes niveles de cada atributo, familiarizandonos con el uso de la herramienta. 2. Utility assessment: Using the sheet that you created in Question 1, rate each of the bundles, giving your most preferred bundle 100 and your least preferred bundle 0, as described in Step 3 in the Tutorial. When you are done, follow Step 4 in the Tutorial and perform a utility assessment for yourself (MEXL==Conjoint==Create Study Design TemplateEstimate Preference Part Worths). Interpret your own preferences on the resulting Part Worths Sheet. Como resultado del ejercicio Podemos interpretar que Monica prefiere la habitacion con un escritorio y prioriza el telefono al internet. Desea entretenimiento exterior para practicar actividades deportivas. Le encanta la limpieza personal y desea sus zapatos bien lustrados. Tambien prefiera acercarse al restaurant al delivery. 3. Open the â€Å"Forte Hotel Data (Conjoint, 2 Partworths)† data set in My Marketing Engineering and review the Partworths developed from the respondents in this case. Based on your experiences in completing these tasks, summarize the advantages and limitations of conjoint analysis for obtaining preference data from customers. Respondents Preference Partworths Respondents preference partworths. The most preferred profiles sum up to 100, the least preferred to 0. Respondents / Small Suite Large Room Room Office Internet access Speaker phone Attributes and Levels 0 9 11 52 13 Amanda 10 37 0 0 9 Ann 26 0 10 21 0 Bruce 8 0 22 13 25 Byron 34 0 30 0 16 Byung 45 0 16 0 2 Colleen 17 7 0 7 24 Courtney 15 0 12 0 14 Daniel 13 0 24 10 23 Dierdre 11 20 0 9 0 Elio 0 27 7 4 0 Eugene 8 0 31 8 0 Frank 20 0 14 0 7 Gabriel 0 19 5 10 22 George 14 31 0 14 0 Gina 6 16 0 0 16 Hans 0 7 47 0 8 Hector 34 0 16 6 27 Jin Hyuk Room fax 0 3 14 0 11 0 0 38 0 19 2 10 21 0 13 9 25 0 Ventajas: Permite identificar la combinacion de atributos preferidos por los consumidores. Explotar los atributos preferidos o mas valorados con un adecuado plan de marketing. Permite caracterizar perfiles de los clientes y asi poder enfocar mejor nuestras ofertas. Limitaciones: No podemos segmentar completamente a nuestra oferta hacia el consumidor (salvo que la base sea estadisticamente robusta). Requiere de un analisis cualitativo previa para identificar las variables a considerar. 4. Analysis: Open the Forte Hotel Data (Conjoint, 3 Analysis) data set in My Marketing Engineering, which has competed Steps 5 and 6 in the Tutorial for you. Follow Step 7 in the Tutorial, ((MEXL==Conjoint==Run Analysis) and assess the viability of the four specific hotel concepts that Forte is exploring for the State College area. Base this evaluation on the preferences of a sample of 40 business travelers on that sheet (Exhibit 2) and the cost estimates summarized in Exhibit 3. The base cost to build each hotel room (without the attributes and options listed in Exhibit 3) is expected to be about $40,000 for a 150- to 200-room hotel, regardless of the mix of room types. . Identify the optimal product concept from among those Forte is considering. Explain how you arrived at your recommendation. Consideramos que optimal product 1 es el concepto que deberia considerar Forte porque este le permitira una mejor penetracion en el mercado, lo cual ademas de traer la mayor aceptacion redundara en un pronto recupero de la inversion. 6. Would you recommend product concepts other than the four Forte is considering for the State College market? Expla in how you arrived at your recommendation(s). Las 4 opciones engloban el tipo de cliente que normalmente tienen este tipo de cadena de hoteles con lo cual la segmentacion esta muy bien aplicada; sin embargo podrian agregar una opcion enfocada a empresas, BtoB, que esten interesadas en utilizar el hotel como centro de convenciones que duren uno o mas dias y la empresa contratante deba hospedar a sus invitados, si bien es cierto, no es constante todo el ano, podrian tener preparada una opcion con servicios estandar y ciertos entretenimientos. Podria llamarse Business 1. 7. Summarize the major advantages and limitations of a conjoint study for new roduct design. What conditions favor the use of this approach in the hotel industry? (Consider such factors as types of customers and market conditions in responding to this question). Este modelo le permite a la industria hotelera saber la valoracion del mix e atributos valorados por el cliente y de esta forma tener una propuesta enfocada en el publico objetivo al que se dirige, ademas l e permite saber, en la medida que disponga de informacion de los otros hoteles, en que segmento tendria mayores probabilidad de tener una mejor aceptacion. Sin embargo el uso de esta herramienta requeriria de un alto costo de inversion inicial en investigacion de mercados, ya que exigiria la realizacion de una encuesta que permita contar con datos para la evaluacion. Case 5: Durr Environmental, Inc. – Air Pollution Control Systems Durr faced the following questions: 1. Is it economically sensible to enter the US market? 2. If so, what would be the best offering to make? 3. Would it be better to provide two different offerings? If so, what should they be? 4. Which segment(s) of the customers should they target, with what selling proposition for their new offering(s)? Provide a business case to address these issues. Assume the following: The business must generate marginal revenue of $4MM/year to justify entry, and it will cost Durr an additional $3MM/year to support a second offering. 1. Modelo de Negocio: Tamano del Mercado * Participacion del Mercado *Margen de Contribucion Segun la premisa debemos justificar mas de US $4MM para justificar la entrada al mercado. Tamano del Mercado: Market research indicated that there would be about 300 units of that size sold in the US each year over the next decade. Participacion del mercado Margen de Utilidad: Producto Servair= 200K + 200K + 10K + 70K – 300K = US $180K Producto Premier= 200K+200K-170K+0+0= US $230K Producto Base =200K+0+0+0=US $200K Conclusion: Para Servair == 300 * 0. 1877 * 180 = US $10. 1 MM Para Premier = 300 * 0. 1433 * 230= US $9. 8 MM Para Base = 300 * 0. 0889 * 200=US $5. 3 MM Dado que los 3 escenarios son mayores a los US $ 4MM, podemos ingresar al mercado con cualquiera de los productos. Cada uno de ellos nos permitira mayor o menor ganancia segun nuestra apuesta. 2. If so, what would be the best offering to make? Luego analizamos por cada tipo de producto. Segmentamos por Producto 1: Y ahora segmentamos por Producto 2: Sugerimos el producto Premier DX porque tiene mayor probabilidad de aceptacion y por ende nos permite ganar mercado mas rapido. Maximizar beneficios y asegurarnos posicionamiento de marca. . Would it be better to provide two different offerings? If so, what should they be? Recomendamos ingresar solamente con el producto Premier, dado que lograriamos mayor participacion de mercado, un mayor nivel de beneficios e incluso eliminar un competidor. Sin embargo, si quisieramos incorporar un segundo producto sugerimos que sea el primero, pues pese a tener una menor contribucion marginal que el tercero tendriamos mayor probabilidad de aceptacion y por lo tanto tendriamos menor exposicion al riesgo. . Which segment(s) of the customers should they target, with what selling proposition for their new offering(s)? Podrian ser empresas que tienen un alto sentido de responsabilidad con el medio ambiente y desean ejercer control del sistema de emision de gases de manera eficiente. Prefieren invertir en un buen sistema y asegurar un contrato de servicio, para evitar quedarse sin soporte ante algun inconveniente.

Japanese monetary policy Essays

Japanese monetary policy Essays Japanese monetary policy Essay Japanese monetary policy Essay Japanese monetary policy BY x51 lt9 The rather poor economic performance of Japan since the early 1990s provided inspiration to US and I-JK policy makers in how they addressed the 2007 financial crisis. How did US and I-JK policy makers respond to the 2007 financial crisis in a way that was different to the response in Japan? This part of the question would benefit from quantitative evidence. There are several similarities between the Japanese financial crisis of the 1990s and the global financial crisis that started in 2008. Countries like the US and the I-JK ealized this and have studied the measures that were taken by the Japanese central bank (Bank of Japan) at the time in order to learn from it. Measures that proved to be effective have been taken into account and are currently being applied in adapted forms by the Federal Reserve (the US central bank) and the Bank of England (the British central bank). In order to understand these measures, a brief recapitulation of Japans crisis will be given first in this paper. Subsequently, a comparison will be made with US and UK policies in order to analyze the differences and similarities. In the three decades following 1960 Japan achieved a rapid economic growth. Euphoria about the economic prospects started to break out due to the long period of excellent economic growth rates, which is referred to as the Japanese post-war economic miracle. In the 1980s overconfident institutions, firms and citizens started massive borrowing and aggressive speculation, which caused the economy to overheat. A bubble was created in the stock exchange and in the real estate market, which came to burst at the beginning of the 1990s. The resulting negative wealth ffect caused the Japanese people to cut their expenditure and increase savings. People had no trust anymore in the banks, which had turned into zombie banks due to the large amount of non-performing assets on their balance sheets (toxic debt), and therefore they kept their savings outside the banking system. Dropping sales (due to increased saving) resulted in Job losses, which in turn led to even more saving and less spending. By this way the Japan provisionally saved itself into a recession. The Bank of Japan first reacted to the recession with conventional monetary policy. They reduced interest rates in order to stimulate the economy. However, due to the collapse of asset prices, the insolvency of banks and firms and the refusal of Japanese consumers to spend their income, the Japanese economy slipped into deflation from 1998. The deflation worked as an incentive for the Japanese people to save even more and spend even less, since saving yields a positive return when there is deflation. The Bank of Japan responded by further lowering the interest rate to (close to) 0%. Because of the deflation however, the real interest rate was still positive and people continued to save. Since the interest rate could not be dropped below 0% the Bank of Japan reached a state of monetary policy impotence, see fgure 4. FIGURE 4 Janese Interest Rate (Benchmark Interest Rate) Japan also suffered from fiscal policy impotence. Neither significantly increasing government expenditure nor dropping taxes was possible to stimulate the economy. The first because Japan did not have the funds (they were in debt) and the latter because the conservative and risk averse Japanese citizens were very likely to save tax cuts instead of spending them. For a long time, the Bank of Japan believed that economic growth and recovery of sset prices would bring things back to normal over time. Their efforts were focused on prevention of bank failures and collapse of the financial system and not on active recovery. The zombie banks, which were for a large part responsible for all the misery, were implicitly protected. Accounting rules were relaxed, so that banks got the opportunity to conceal their financial trouble. There was no public support for any form of financial bailout that would solve problems on a more structural basis and throughout the 90s the financial institutions continued to muddle along. This eriod is known as the lost decade (Vollmer Bebenroth, 2012). In the early 2000s the Bank of Japan tried a different approach. They came with an important policy innovation, called quantitative easing. Under the quantitative easing program the Bank of Japan started to increase the monetary base, in order to flood the banks with liquidity. The idea was that the banks could lend this newly created money to households and firms and that this would lead to an increase in consumption expenditure and investments. In addition to the quantitative easing, the bank of Japan also broke with their revious policy of regulatory forbearance. They implemented a series of accounting reforms that made it more difficult for banks to conceal their bad loans. By making the financial sector balance sheets more transparent the bad debt problem was emphasized and it became clear that the accumulation of non-performing loans had to be curbed. A certain degree of public support for recapitalization was secured, which made it politically possible to inject public money in the financial sector (Lipscy Takinamt, 2013). These unconventional policy measures seemed to assort effect. After a long period of rial and error and policy experimentation, the Japanese managed to turn the tide and modest economic growth was recorded until the global financial crisis kicked in in 2008. Although the growth fgures had not been fantastic, the Japanese gain and loss during anti-crisis were noticed by UK and US policymakers. In their view, the Japanese experience had highlighted what policy actions should be taken or avoided to deal with a financial crisis. Basically, the reaction that followed from the UK and the US to the 2008 financial crisis is fourfold: interest rate cuts, quantitative easing, bank bailouts and change of hese actions much faster and more determined than Japan however. For the interest rate cuts and the quantitative easing, this is greatly illustrated in the fgures below(See figure 5 and 6). FIGURE 5 United States Interest Rate 2007-2012 (Benchmark Interest Rate) Source from: tradingeconomics. com FIGURE 6 United Kingdom Interest Rate (Benchmark Interest Rate) Where Japan had reduced interest rates gradually, the US and the I-JK took relative much sharper cuts. Also, they introduced quantitative easing on a much larger scale. As can be seen from the expansion in outstanding balances at the central bank, the onetary base was increased to a much larger extent (See Figure 7). FIGURE 7 central sank Balance Sheets (US, UK AND JAPAN) Source from: (Philips, 2013 ) Another lesson learnt from Japan was that you should not let toxic debt create zombie banks. Both the US and the I-JK immediately injected massive amounts of public funds into large commercial banks when they ran the risk to fail. To Justify these bail outs to the public, great transparency of the financial sector balance sheets was sought after, for instance by doing stress tests. Also, the Japanese case was frequently referenced to in order to secure public support. The public resentment against the irresponsible and risky behavior of financial institutions that caused the financial crisis, has contributed to a change in regulations. These will continue to change, since the debate about acceptable risks, supervisory authorities and banks that are too big to fail is still ongoing. If the evolving regulations, combined with the measures that were first introduced in Japans financial crisis of the 1990s, will be the way out of the crisis remains to be seen (See Figure 8). Monetary policy in Japan and the United States Source from: (Lipscy Takinami, 2013)